C31bootbin Top -

strings dump.bin | grep -i boot Look for references to "top", "_end", or "stack". Alternatively, examine the last 16 bytes of the bootbin – often contains a checksum or padding like 0xFFFFFFFF . Open dump.bin in a hex editor (HxD, 010 Editor). The "top" is frequently located at the last 4-byte aligned address before a large block of zeros or 0xFFs. The vector table (first 32 bytes of the bootbin) points to the initial stack pointer (MSP) – that value should be within the top region.

(Mask ROM inside the chip) Step 2: Secondary Bootloader (the bootbin) Step 3: Main Application (Firmware/OS) c31bootbin top

_bootbin_top = ORIGIN(SRAM) + LENGTH(SRAM); /* This is the "top" */ strings dump

.text : *(.entry) (.text ) > SRAM